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What makes her Pretty ??


Its the goodness in her heart that makes a Girl pretty


Its her inner strength that makes a Girl admirable

Its the Sacrifice she makes that makes a Girl unique



Its her compromise with Everything that makes her precious


She is beautiful not based on her looks
But
What makes her beautiful is her inner beauty



She is Flower of every Mom's Garden, Yes She is the Girl who makes the World Pretty


For All the girls in the World !

Your love has made me dance like mad....

Lets immersed in the sea of purity...Sufism is the best way to forget your worries and to go on in search of The Eternal Truth... I want you to feel the beauty of Sufism .....This is beautiful... Lets have a look



Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
Your love has made me dance like mad

Tere Ishq ne dera mere andar keeta
Bhar ke zeher payala main taan aape peeta,
Jhabde wahudi tabiba nahin te main mar gaiyaan
Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
Falling in love with you
Was like taking a sip of poison
Come my healer, forsaken, I am sad.
Your love has made me dance like mad

Chupp giyah ve suraj bahar reh gayi laali
Ve main sadqey hova, D
evein murrjey wikhali
Peera main bhul gaiyaan tere naal na gaiyaan
Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
The sun has set, its flush only is left
I’ll give my life for a glimpse of you
My fault I came not when when you bade
Your love has made me dance like mad.

Ais Ishq de kolon mainu hatak na maaye
Laahu jaandre berrey kehrramorlaya
Meri aqal jun bhulli naal mhaniyaan dey gaiyaan
Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
Dissuade me not from the path of love
Who can hold the boats on the move?
Stupid, I joined the boatman’s squad
Your love has made me dance like mad

Ais Ishq Di Jhangi Wich Mor Bulenda
Sanu Qibla Ton Qaaba Sohna Yaar Disenda
Saanu Ghayal Karke Pher K
habar Na Laaiyaan
Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
A peacock calls in the grove of passion
It’s Qibla, It’s Kaaba where lives my love
You asked not once after you stabbed
Your love has made me dance like mad

Bullah Shah na ao
unda mainu Inayat de buhe
Jisne mainu awaye chole saave te suhe
Jaan main maari aye addi mil paya hai vahaiya
Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa
Bulleh Shah Sits at Inayat’s door
Who has dressed me in green and red
And caught me the instant I flew from the pad
Your love has made me dance like mad
----------------------------------

What is Game Theory in Economics?

Besides Cricket, poetry, tweeting, Friends and Fun there is another thing which is very important and that is to study the course books :P but as the Cricket season has surrounds us all i thought why not study some thing that matches the interest so i chose "The Game Theory" Lets start with the definition!


Definition 1:


"Game theory is the science of strategy. It attempts to determine mathematically and logically the actions that “players” should take to secure the best outcomes for themselves in a wide array of “games.” The games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. But the games all share the common feature of interdependence. That is, the outcome for each participant depends on the choices (strategies) of all. In so-called zero-sum games the interests of the players conflict totally, so that one person’s gain always is another’s loss. More typical are games with the potential for either mutual gain (positive sum) or mutual harm (negative sum), as well as some conflict."Definition 2:Set of concepts aimed at decision making in situations ofcompetition and conflict (as well as of cooperation andinterdependence) under specified rules. Game theoryemploys games of strategy (such as chess) but not of chance (such as rolling a dice).Definition 3:
Game theory attempts to look at the relationships between participants in a particular model and predict their optimal decisions.Definition 4:

A mathematical method of analysis used in operational research to predict the outcomes of games of strategy and conflicts of interest. It is used to assess the likely strategies that people will adopt in situations governed by a particular set of rules and to identify the best approach to a particular problem or conflict. Explanation:
  1. Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician john von neumann.
  2. In the early years the emphasis was on games of pure conflict (zero-sum games).
  3. Other games were considered in a cooperative form.
  4. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly. Recent research has focused on games that are neither zero sum nor purely cooperative.
  5. In these games the players choose their actions separately, but their links to others involve elements of both competition and cooperation.
  6. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.
  7. There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous.
  8. In the former the players move in sequence, each aware of the others’ previous actions.
  9. In the latter the players act at the same time, each ignorant of the others’ actions.
Examle :
Strategic moves. A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’ expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him. To succeed, the threats and promises must be credible. This is problematic because when the time comes, it is generally costly to carry out a threat or make good on a promise. Game theory studies several ways to enhance credibility. The general principle is that it can be in a player’s interest to reduce his own freedom of future action. By so doing, he removes his own temptation to renege on a promise or to forgive others’ transgressions.

If you have any query about Game theory or If you have some good definition to share must tell me :-) and You can also read Game Theory at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Theory
Take Care



Why should I be weary
when every cell of my body is bursting with life?
Why should I be a donkey's slave
when I ride upon a magical horse?
Why should I be less than the Moon
when there are no scorpions at my feet?
Why should I stay at the bottom of a well
when a strong rope is in my hand?
~Rumi

Let us study about Perfect competition Today


PERFECT COMPETITION

- a very large number of small producers or sellers,
- a standardized, homogeneous product,
- the inability of individual sellers to influence price,
- the free entry and exit of sellers in the market, and
- unnecessary nonprice actions."

Examples of markets in perfect competition are extremely rare. Numerous markets in the retail, service and agricultural sectors approach perfect competition best. But, in the agricultural sector, government support price programs distort the market mechanism. Not withstanding the lack of good examples, this form of market is important because of its

PERFECT COMPETITION NUMBER OF FIRMS
The very large number of firms in perfect competition implies that each individual firm is very small in comparison to the total market. Indeed, if one firm were to become significantly large, it would dominate the market and competition would be eliminated or at least diminished.

In the milk production segment of agriculture, farms are usuallysmall. They are especially small compared to the size of the entire market for milk. Note that the milk distributors are occasionally large, but not the productive farms.

PERFECT COMPETITION STANDARDIZED PRODUCT
The product in perfect competition is said to be standardized (or homogeneous). This means that it does not make any difference to customers which specific firm sells the product:
it is absolutely identical. This is the main distinction between perfect competition and monopolistic competition: once some differences can be recognized by customers, firms acquire
power over these customers.

Milk is a uniform and homogen eous product. It is not possible to make a distinction between the milk of one farm and another. The government has indeed set standards of quality, fat content and cleanliness.

PRICE TAKER
The firms in perfect competition have no power over price: they have to sell at the going market price. The firms in perfect competition are said to be price takers. Should a firm attempt to raise the price by the smallest possible amount, customers would not buy from it because they could buy the same product from other firms. Lowering the price is also not necessary because the firm can already sell all its output at the going price.

A milk producer who would try to raise his/her revenues by increasing the price for milk, would find the company collecting the milk in that region unwilling to buy his/her milk any longer. One individual farmer is thus unable to affect the price of milk in the entire market.

PERFECT
COMPETITION ENTRY AND EXIT
There are no barriers to entry to or exit from a market in perfect competition. This condition assures that no firm will dominate the market and evict other firms. It also assures that the number of firms (although changing) will remain large.

Agricultural production can start for most crops by simply planting on a parcel of land. For instance, that is true for fruit trees and vegetables. (It is true. however, that for some products such as milk or tobacco, the government limits production because of the existing overproduction).

PERFECT COMPETITION NONPRICE ACTION
Nonprice actions such as advertising, service after sale or warranty, are not necessary in perfect competition because the firm can already sell all its output at the going price, and incurring additional expense would only make it unprofitable. Nonprice action for the entire industry may however be useful

A single milk producer cannot possibly influence the consumption of milk at large, and needs not advertise. An association of milkproducers or a large milk distributor may, however, be in aposition to use advertisement effectively.

PERFECT COMPETITION DEMAND
The demand of firms in perfect competition is perfectly elastic (i.e., the smallest possible price change results in a virtually infinite quantity change). Such demand is represented graphically by a horizontal demand curve: no matter what quantity is sold, the price is the same, and it is the going price in the market.

Graph

Nationwide, the demand for milk is likely to be downsloping, that is inversely related to price. But for a single milk producer, it is given by the price the farmer can receive: the going market price. It does not change, no matter what quantity the farmer produces. Thus demand is horizontal.

PERFECT COMPETITION MARGINAL REVENUE
The horizontal demand curve is also the marginal revenue of a firm in perfect competition. The marginal revenue, or additional revenue from one more unit sold, is just equal to the going price (which is shown graphically by the demand curve itself). Note that the average revenue is also the demand curve and total revenue is an upsloping straight line.

PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

A firm must seek to sell a volume of output where its total revenue exceeds its total cost by the largest amount possible; that is, its profit is the maximum.

LOSS MINIMIZATION
If a firm fails to derive a profit, it may nevertheless seek, in the short run, to produce at that level of sales where the difference between its cost and its revenue, i.e., its loss, is minimum.

CLOSE DOWN DECISION
If a firm has revenues that are insufficient to cover even its fixed costs in the short run, the firm must close down.

BREAK-EVEN POINT
The volume of output where total revenue is equal to total cost is known as the break-even point. A firm must be beyond its break-even point in order to be maximizing its profit.

MARGINAL REVENUE MARGINAL COST RULE
Producing at the level of output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost is equivalent to profit maximization. Indeed, if one less unit were to be produced, profit would be smaller by the excess of marginal revenue over marginal cost for that last unit. If one more unit were to be produced, profit would also be smaller, this time by the excess of marginal cost over marginal revenue.

MARGINAL REVENUE MARGINAL COST
The marginal revenue = marginal cost rule is applicable to loss minimization as well as profit maximization. However, if marginal revenue intersects marginal cost below average variable cost, it means that revenues are not sufficient to cover fixed costs and the firm should close down.

MAXIMUM PROFIT
The maximum profit is obtained by first determining the level of output for which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (thus profits cannot possibly be increased). Then determining 1- total revenue given by price multiplied by quantity, 2- total cost given by average total cost multiplied by quantity, 3- the difference between 1 and 2 above is the profit (or loss).

MAXIMUM PROFIT GRAPH
Since maximum profit is the excess of total revenue over total cost, it is shown graphically as the area by which the total revenue rectangle exceeds the total cost rectangle. The height of total revenue rectangle is the price received by the firm, and the width is the optimum quantity (where MR=MC). The height of total cost rectangle is average total cost (on ATC curve), and the width is the optimum quantity.

Graph

SHORT RUN SUPPLY CURVE
The short run supply curve of firms in perfect competition is the upsloping portion of the marginal cost curve (above the average variable cost intersection). Indeed, a firm determines its optimum volume of sales by taking the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost. The marginal revenue is also the price it receives. Thus supplier's price-quantity combinations are given by the marginal cost upsloping portion.

LONG RUN PERFECT COMPETITION EQUILIBRIUM
The long run equilibrium for firms in perfect competition is where demand (and marginal revenue which is identical to it) is tangent to the minimum of average total cost (where marginal cost also intersects average total cost). At that point, there is no profit or loss for the firm. (Note that there is no pure or economic profit, but normal profit must still be covered).

ENTRY OF FIRMS IN PERFECT COMPETITION
Should demand be above the minimum of average total cost, pure profit would exist for firms in perfect competition. This profit would attract new firms to the industry. Such entry of new firms is not impeded by any entry barriers in industries in perfect competition. The new firms would increase the total market supply and drive the price down. The lower price pushes the demand for each firm down toward or even below the equilibrium minimum average total cost point.

EXIT OF FIRMS IN PERFECT COMPETITION
Should the demand be below the minimum of average total cost, losses of firms would force some firms to leave the industry. As firms leave, a decreasing total supply pushes price back up. The increasing price lifts the demand curves for individual firms upward toward or even above the equilibrium point. Firms departure or entry will continue until the price settles to be just equal to minimum average cost.

LONG RUN SUPPLY CURVE
The long run supply curve for an industry in perfect competition is perfectly elastic (that is horizontal) in constant-cost industries and upsloping in increasing-cost industries. Whether an industry is constant-cost or increasing-cost is determined by
the presence of adequate or insufficient resources.

PERFECT COMPETITION ECONOMIC EFFECT
Perfect competition is seen as an ideal or optimum form of market because of its very beneficial economic effect for society, which comes from
- allocative efficiency, and- productive efficiency.
But there are a few shortcomings nevertheless.

PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY
The productive efficiency of perfect competition can be observed in the long run equilibrium point of all firms in the industry, which is at the minimum of average total cost. This means that
all firms are forced to cut their costs and utilize the best available technology in order to have their minimum average total cost no higher than that of all the other firms in the industry. There is also no under or over utilized capacity.

ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY
The allocative efficiency in perfect competition comes from the fact that the quantity produced by each firm is just that for which the price paid by society is equal to the cost of additional resources (marginal cost). More could not possibly be obtained for a lower price. The resources are also the most efficiently allocated among industries since firms will bid for these resources up to the price consumers want to pay for them.

PERFECT COMPETITION SHORTCOMINGS
In spite of its beneficial economic effect, perfect competition fails to
- provide any correction for income distribution inequity,
- generate any public goods since there is not profit,
- stimulate technological progress because of lack of profits,
- offer diversity in products since these are standardized.

*L*o*v*e*


|C|I|N|D|E|R|E|L|L|A| walked on broken glass

Sleeping Beauty let a whole 'lifetime' pass

Belle fell in .l.o.v.e. with a
:hideous beast:

(Pocahontas) risked her life for a feast

Jasmine could have had *anyone*, but instead chose a
{p o o r m a n}

And Ariel [walked.on.land]

All for love and all for life

.B.l.o.o.d. .S.w.e.a.t. .n. .T.e.a.r.s.

*L*o*v*e* is about facing your |Biggest Fears|



My Dream {Episode 1}

Lets start the conversation after a long time with my First dream….

Birds were flying in the sky so high… A little bird sitting with her mother in her nest …

Mother teaching her about how to have a good flight.. but the little girl has some thing else to listen…

Mother looked at her and then looked to the angle of her eyes… Oh my …

My baby bird looking at the other nest…Listening to the gossiping birds…

Oh Lord…My baby bird…How to save her from the World…Oh Lord My baby bird…............... (cont...)

ALLAH



I know you are there
Little bird,
Covered by rich green, talking to the tree
Yes, a talking tree!

I know you are hiding
Little ant,
Under the solid brown, listening to the song
Yes, the singing earth!

I know you are relaxing
Tiny drop of rain,
Inside the airy white, hearing the laugh
Yes, a laughing cloud!

I know you are dancing
Little bee,
Beside fresh colors, joining a prayer
Yes, a praying flower!

I know you are breathing
Little fish,
Deep in the wide blue, amazed by stories
Yes, the Historian Ocean!

I am sitting in my room
Seeing you all in the heart of my eye
Praising the work of God
Wishing to add more before I die

Talking tree
Singing earth
Laughing cloud
Praying flower; and
Historian Ocean
Let me join you, and be sublime
Praising God till the end of our time!
http://www.islamicpoetry.org/s1-1:1.htm

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