tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58214595918395570632024-03-13T08:21:14.091-07:00You are Welcome to My WorldRuka hua hai ajab Dhoop chhaa'on ka Mausum
Guzar raha hai koi dil se Baadalon ki tarha..!Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger193125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-18998469999242834762011-04-20T00:13:00.000-07:002011-04-20T08:11:59.520-07:00What makes her Pretty ??<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-51quLqC8-z70YsaNRsALkCOMvDPPli2wVbq5ZHCECO0_AJ1i-4g7e_po6oT9wduzRjDdzgf47I19R7C9HAJhkYGamATuRWLQvFuiN9GrdJzSpxurvbddbKZ7jkyP67c6Kit3izaPg/s1600/baby-girl-stationary.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg-51quLqC8-z70YsaNRsALkCOMvDPPli2wVbq5ZHCECO0_AJ1i-4g7e_po6oT9wduzRjDdzgf47I19R7C9HAJhkYGamATuRWLQvFuiN9GrdJzSpxurvbddbKZ7jkyP67c6Kit3izaPg/s400/baby-girl-stationary.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597683674828821986" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Its the goodness in her heart that makes a Girl pretty</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="text-align: center;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 223px; height: 226px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWkyd8TmDQ93s3baKI26ehC1E61W04H2CR_bGq0-erp6EVbTDmMiemsRVCL08o_MC5xaZUSLErwXnBWluyyzUhvuj8D-QtjAxzglz_zna5ODi4aO2Dg4AE980RPK9IFzXhwlf9AoIPow/s400/images+%25281%2529.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563669447863634" /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Its her inner strength that makes a Girl admirable</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 327px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgdClAXqoT-fw0t3o6mvrgKIHZiuw15G345B6_TTVmpuTMAvFeHh94Vk2Cc5FEKOQuuMZZHBgdjLrr-v9G9p-mhDWwUf5aCksJkp2QT0HQggh8h4dKF4h5ffJ1mAnbVEpPnDC4mHMddw/s400/angel-s-blessing-art-print-19224677.jpeg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563468146230002" /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Its the Sacrifice she makes that makes a Girl unique</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGyljd8UJVn_sW1D21pYT8G2mEazbufEfBayaTkZxRqTEdH6dd-SXYlXKQ0VboKNq8VO3A0JDqjZuZ7hENvaHri3uwFOOp_Kk0Se68Fe0rRYadmbFNhJw2z4xquRihTJW_a5gVPSphgg/s400/pink_fizz_laughing_girl_cmyk_10cmhigh__12456.jpg" style="text-align: center;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 276px; height: 400px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563309607121906" /><br /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><i>Its her compromise with Everything that makes her precious</i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgFrdjRNekaMs0U4__cntUm7QM-2NMFB4-tXYkZwtDWnTMOjMQcEXs-Ozj4Z0Z2xasMPgNyvtuulBq2fvMwtxERqr1T-Z02Kfcc90p2EKPoD7oLQRIi6MmYlB04_GHDEhMp4VZc4NnQg/s400/1641038_f520.jpg" style="text-align: center;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 400px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563470397488594" /></div></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><br /></i></span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">She is beautiful not based on her looks</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">But</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">What makes her beautiful is her inner beauty</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><br /></i></span></b></div><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj8P8QOqr57ksoKw8m663WqFy7TO3gvjM3vGYceW7VtLugbnVKcpDqaDmJ6mtGQwWsyKDched2E3QlZRNBXKrQZYBWjyNmAr-fO55RNTC91DIwWPhrUI4TXGTCAH-fk2pzmAiz7oLLKw/s400/samia.jpg" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 300px; height: 400px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563305986815410" /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">She is Flower of every Mom's Garden, Yes She is the Girl who makes the World Pretty </span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span"><br /></span></i></b></div></div><div><img style="text-align: center;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px; " src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Eg9zHcZiJ5I4PD73wO7bJkPhQZxZ2DP3DvJVmGK-Rys_k4Zw-q_Nyt5o9MzQEQezt2BC5TZUUusLfZ-c6BcLod9p_zyghBiVuGdQP3Tx041MEdQHSgXhMaMFm8KhQt56mHFs0aYQtA/s400/Sad_Girl.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5597563306119942738" /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span">For All the girls in the World ! </span></i></b></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-22327227520789743962011-04-11T23:29:00.000-07:002011-04-11T23:44:17.656-07:00Your love has made me dance like mad....<div style="text-align: center;">Lets <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">immersed in the sea of purity...Sufism is the best way to forget your worries and to go on in search of </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><em>The Eternal Truth... I want you to feel the beauty of Sufism .....This is beautiful... Lets have a look</em></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><em><br /></em></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe title="YouTube video player" width="480" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/AZ-zvF0n9vQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; "><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</i></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span"><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Your love has made me dance like mad</span></i></div></span><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Tere Ishq ne dera mere andar keeta</i></span></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; "><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Bhar ke zeher payala main taan aape peeta,</span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Jhabde wahudi tabiba nahin te main mar gaiyaan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</span></span></div></span></i></span><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Falling in love with you</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><i>Was like taking a s</i><i>ip of poison</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Come my healer, forsaken, I am sad.</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Your love has made me dance like mad</span></i></div><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Chupp giyah ve suraj bahar reh gayi laali</i></span></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; "><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Ve main sadqey hova, D</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i><div style="text-align: center; display: inline !important; "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">evein murrjey wikhali</span></div></i></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Peera main bhul gaiyaan tere naal na gaiyaan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</span></span></div></span></i></span><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">The sun has set, its flush only is left</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">I’ll give my life for a glimpse of you</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">My fault I came not when when you bade</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><i>Your love has made me </i><i>dance like mad.</i></span></div><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Ais Ishq de kolon mainu hatak na maaye</i></span></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; "><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Laahu jaandre berrey kehrramorlaya</span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Meri aqal jun bhulli naal mhaniyaan dey gaiyaan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</span></span></div></span></i></span><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Dissuade me not from the path of love</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Who can hold the boats on the move?</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Stupid, I joined the boatman’s squad</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Your love has made me dance like mad</span></i></div><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Ais Ishq Di Jhangi Wich Mor Bulenda</i></span></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; "><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Sanu Qibla Ton Qaaba Sohna Yaar Disenda</span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Saanu Ghayal Karke Pher K</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">habar Na Laaiyaan</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</span></span></div></span></i></span><div style="text-align: center; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><i>A peacock calls in the </i><i>grove of </i><i>passion</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">It’s Qibla, It’s Kaaba where lives my love</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">You asked not once after you stabbed</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Your love has made me dance like mad</span></i></div><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12px; "></p><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>Bullah Shah na ao</i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><i>unda mainu Inayat de buhe</i></span></span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; "><i><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Jisne mainu awaye chole saave te suhe</span></div><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Jaan main maari aye addi mil paya hai vahaiya</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">Tere Ishq nachaiyaan kar key thaiyaa thaiyaa</span></span></div></span></i></span><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Bulleh Shah Sits at Inayat’s door</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Who has dressed me in green and red</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">And caught me the instant I flew from the pad</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">Your love has made me dance like mad</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span">----------------------------------</span></i></div><div style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; "><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmJdrqAKLdwXBUQ9hbzM2TpcHZb2swMaEnI0bdzpc8kI58jBnkIcNyHhoNi7_KJaXx745XGsUt37b-BfPI3Vt-gct9-tNNH0SY2ER0KqCpQj3AW1ZZ4jDWLAJbKCg4cTDBJdxPliSbYw/s400/Sufiism.jpg" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 395px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594580984360909042" /></div><p style="font-size: 12px; "></p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-51503134835790641192011-03-29T09:14:00.000-07:002011-03-29T09:36:15.492-07:00What is Game Theory in Economics?<div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Verdana; line-height: 14px; font-size: small; ">Besides Cricket, poetry, tweeting, Friends and Fun there is another thing which is very important and that is to study the course books :P but as the Cricket season has surrounds us all i thought why not study some thing that matches the interest so i chose "The Game Theory" Lets start with the definition!</span></div><span class="initcap" style="float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="initcap" style="float: left; padding-right: 1px; line-height: 14px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><br /></span><span class="initcap" style="float: left; padding-right: 1px; line-height: 14px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><br /></span><span class="initcap" style="float: left; padding-right: 1px; line-height: 14px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><b><i>Definition 1:</i></b></span><span class="initcap" style="float: left; padding-right: 1px; line-height: 14px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><br /></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br /></span></b></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br /></span></b></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; ">"Ga</span>me theory is the science of strategy. It attempts to determine mathematically and logically the actions that “players” should take to secure the best outcomes for themselves in a wide array of “games.” The games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. But the games all share </i><i>the common feature of interdependence. That is, the outcome for each participant depends on the choices (strategies) of all. In so-called zero-sum games the interests of the players conflict totally, so that one person’s gain always is another’s loss. More typical are games with the potential for either mutual gain (positive sum) or mutual harm (negative sum), as well as some conflict."</i></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><b>Definition 2:</b></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><i>Set of concepts aimed at decision making in situations ofcompetition and conflict (as well as of cooperation andinterdependence) under specified rules. Game theoryemploys games of strategy (such as chess) but not of chance (such as rolling a dice).</i></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Definition 3:</b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><i>Game theory attempts to look at the relationships between participants in a particular model and predict their optimal decisions.</i></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><i></i><b>Definition 4:</b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b><br /></b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><i>A mathematical method of analysis used in operational research to predict the outcomes of games of strategy and conflicts of interest. It is used to assess the likely strategies that people will adopt in situations governed by a particular set of rules and to identify the best approach to a particular problem or conflict.</i><b> </b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>Explanation:</b></span></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: center; float: left; padding-right: 1px; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><b><br /></b></span><span class="initcap" style="text-align: left; float: left; padding-right: 1px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><ol><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; ">Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician john von neumann. </span></b></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; ">In the early years the emphasis was on games of pure conflict (zero-sum games). </span></b></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; ">Other games were considered in a cooperative form. </span></b></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; ">That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly. Recent research has focused on games that are neither zero sum nor purely cooperative. </span></b></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; ">In these games the players choose their actions separately, but their links to others involve elements of both competition and cooperation.</span></b></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px; font-weight: normal; "></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies.</span></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "> There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential and simultaneous. </span></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">In the former the players move in sequence, each aware of the others’ previous actions.</span></li><li style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "> In the latter the players act at the same time, each ignorant of the others’ actions.</span></li></ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><b>Examle : </b></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; "><b><i>Strategic moves.</i> </b>A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’ expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him. To succeed, the threats and promises must be credible. This is problematic because when the time comes, it is generally costly to carry out a threat or make good on a promise. Game theory studies several ways to enhance credibility. The general principle is that it can be in a player’s interest to reduce his own freedom of future action. By so doing, he removes his own temptation to renege on a promise or to forgive others’ transgressions.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; "><br /></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; ">If you have any query about Game theory or If you have some good definition to share must tell me :-) and </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">You can also read Game Theory at </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Theory">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Theory</a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Take Care</b></div><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUf09rpbHtLpqg5u9chxv_I9CMusS1UVwLc_fsBfwYogp0djmutwT4HHtmGhqRZTdvl_cR80qV9AwG0SChagqToHmZNAbxiujKPJ8aahrrtxl8pG9O2xMJgjTRkVFPgw-yTthCJq1CSA/s400/friendship_08.jpg" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 400px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5589539370708189730" /></span><div style="text-align: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><br /></div></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-5285735678868531242011-03-23T03:13:00.000-07:002011-03-23T03:15:48.044-07:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5_K22mESLDlaHJGH2fX69OYqKJKeQq3XttMVWwpHKqp-nkyOFMjXawaCqtCN_ceEsLgNTnMTYdLDPLdEXbeYlBMMdgSVsh7N8nvhrZTU3PuKY6xmvNdDjsJqclsTFt3NUKDr-0kxSog/s1600/Unicorn_fantasy.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5_K22mESLDlaHJGH2fX69OYqKJKeQq3XttMVWwpHKqp-nkyOFMjXawaCqtCN_ceEsLgNTnMTYdLDPLdEXbeYlBMMdgSVsh7N8nvhrZTU3PuKY6xmvNdDjsJqclsTFt3NUKDr-0kxSog/s400/Unicorn_fantasy.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5587216957360119682" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; "><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">Why should I be weary</div><div style="text-align: center;">when every cell of my body is bursting with life?</div><div style="text-align: center;">Why should I be a donkey's slave</div><div style="text-align: center;">when I ride upon a magical horse?</div><div style="text-align: center;">Why should I be less than the Moon</div><div style="text-align: center;">when there are no scorpions at my feet?</div><div style="text-align: center;">Why should I stay at the bottom of a well</div><div style="text-align: center;">when a strong rope is in my hand?</div><b><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><b>~Rumi</b></span></div></b></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-28941588215090785272011-03-14T07:50:00.000-07:002011-03-14T11:46:38.720-07:00Let us study about Perfect competition Today<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe1tnW56efxaIPbz_6eEwXjgWVYxlcmLz5vJewPkWeLBpkU-pVI7tt5SExbqOaBqGnocEi4PyHT29-APhIQEIO72fkzBKaNFtPfZNL5zwYQzxmb9n8tCx9G1HcnYDhhqJkWDK1hldR0g/s1600/perfcomp.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 230px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe1tnW56efxaIPbz_6eEwXjgWVYxlcmLz5vJewPkWeLBpkU-pVI7tt5SExbqOaBqGnocEi4PyHT29-APhIQEIO72fkzBKaNFtPfZNL5zwYQzxmb9n8tCx9G1HcnYDhhqJkWDK1hldR0g/s400/perfcomp.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5583959826490447602" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><b><span>PERFECT COMPETITION</span></b></span></div><p align="RIGHT" style="text-align: -webkit-center; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><a name="anchor55730"></a></span></p><div style="text-align: center; display: inline !important; "><a name="anchor55730"><span class="Apple-style-span">"</span><b>Perfect competition is a type of market characterized by</b></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>- a very large number of small producers or sellers,</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>- a standardized, homogeneous product,</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>- the inability of individual sellers to influence price,</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>- the </b><b>free entry and exit of sellers in the market, and</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>- unnecessary nonprice actions</b>."</div><p></p><p style="text-align: -webkit-auto;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "> <i><b>Examples of markets in perfect c</b></i><i><b>ompetition are extremely rare. Numerous markets in the retail, service and agricultural sectors approach perfect competition best. But, in the agricultural sector, government support price programs distort the market mechanism. N</b></i><i><b>ot withstanding the lack of good examples, this form of market is important because of its</b></i></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION NUMBER OF FIRMS</b></div><a name="anchor56165"></a>The very large number of firms in perfect competition implies that each individual firm is very small in comparison to the total market. Indeed, if one firm were to become significantly large, it would dominate the market and competition would be eliminated or at least diminished.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><b><i>In the milk production segment of agriculture, farms are usuallysmall. They are especially small compared to the size of the entire market for milk. Note tha</i></b><b><i>t the milk distributors are </i></b><b><i>occasionally large, but not the productive farms.</i></b></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION STANDARDIZED PRODUCT</b></div><a name="anchor56511"></a>The product in perfect competition is said to be standardized (or homogeneous). This means that it does not make any difference to customers which specific firm sells the product:<br />it is absolutely identical. This is the main distinction between perfect competition and monopolistic competition: once some differences can be recognized by customers, firms acquire<br />power over these customers.<p></p><p style="text-align: -webkit-auto;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><b><i>Milk is a uniform and homogen </i></b><b><i>eous product. It is not possible to make a distinction between the milk of one farm and another. The government has indeed set standards of quality, fat content and cleanliness.</i></b></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PRICE TAKER</b></div><a name="anchor56847"></a>The firms in perfect competition have no power over price: they have to sell at the going market price. The firms in perfect competition are said to be price takers. Should a firm attempt to raise the price by the smallest possible amount, customers would not buy from it because they could buy the same product from other firms. Lowering the price is also not necessary because the firm can already sell all its output at the going price.<p></p><p style="text-align: -webkit-auto;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><b><i> A milk producer who would try to r</i></b><b><i>aise his/her revenues by increasing the price for milk, would find the company collecting the milk in that region unwilling to buy his/her milk any longer. One individual farmer is thus unable to affect the price of milk in the entire market.</i></b></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT </b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>COMPETITION ENTRY AND EXIT</b></div><a name="anchor57163"></a>There are no barriers to entry to or exit from a market in perfect competition. This condition assures that no firm will dominate the market and evict other firms. It also assures that the number of firms (although changing) will remain large.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><i><b>Agricultural production can start fo</b></i><i><b>r most crops by simply planting on a parcel of land. For instance, that is true for fruit trees and vegetables. (It is true. however, that for some products such as milk or tobacco, the government limits production because of the existing ov</b></i><i><b>erproduction).</b></i></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION NONPRICE ACTION</b></div><a name="anchor57450"></a>Nonprice actions such as advertising, service after sale or warranty, are not necessary in perfect competition because the firm can already sell all its output at the going price, and incurring additional expense would only make it unprofitable. Nonprice action for the entire industry may however be useful<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><i><b>A single milk producer cannot possibly influence the consumption of milk at large, and needs not advertise. An association of milk</b></i><i><b>producers or a large milk distributor may, however, be in a</b></i><i><b>position to use advertisement effectively.</b></i></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION DEMAND</b></div><a name="anchor57747"></a>The demand of firms in perfect competition is perfectly elastic (i.e., the smallest possible price change results in a virtually infinite quantity change). Such demand is represented graphically by a horizontal demand curve: no matter what quantity is sold, the price is the same, and it is the going price in the market.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><a name="anchor150685"></a>Graph</p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><img src="http://www.peoi.org/Courses/mic/Resources/Image123b.gif" width="455" height="311" align="BOTTOM" border="0" naturalsizeflag="3" /></p><p style="text-align: -webkit-auto;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><i><b>Nationwide, the demand for milk is likely to be downsloping, that is inversely related to price. But for a single milk producer, it is given by the price the farmer can receive: the going market price. It does not change, no matter what quantity the </b></i><i><b>farmer produces. Thus demand is horizontal.</b></i></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION MARGINAL REVENUE</b></div><a name="anchor58119"></a>The horizontal demand curve is also the marginal revenue of a firm in perfect competition. The marginal revenue, or additional revenue from one more unit sold, is just equal to the going price (which is shown graphically by the demand curve itself). Note that the average revenue is also the demand curve and total revenue is an upsloping straight line.<p></p><p style="text-align: center;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "><b>PROFIT MAXIMIZATION</b></span></p><a name="anchor58498"></a>A firm must seek to sell a volume of output where its total revenue exceeds its total cost by the largest amount possible; that is, its profit is the maximum.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>LOSS MINIMIZATION</b></div><a name="anchor58821"></a>If a firm fails to derive a profit, it may nevertheless seek, in the short run, to produce at that level of sales where the difference between its cost and its revenue, i.e., its loss, is minimum.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>CLOSE DOWN DECISION</b></div><a name="anchor59104"></a>If a firm has revenues that are insufficient to cover even its fixed costs in the short run, the firm must close down.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>BREAK-EVEN POINT</b></div><a name="anchor59365"></a>The volume of output where total revenue is equal to total cost is known as the break-even point. A firm must be beyond its break-even point in order to be maximizing its profit.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>MARGINAL REVENUE MARGINAL COST RULE</b></div><a name="anchor59642"></a>Producing at the level of output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost is equivalent to profit maximization. Indeed, if one less unit were to be produced, profit would be smaller by the excess of marginal revenue over marginal cost for that last unit. If one more unit were to be produced, profit would also be smaller, this time by the excess of marginal cost over marginal revenue.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>MARGINAL REVENUE MARGINAL COST</b></div><a name="anchor59968"></a>The marginal revenue = marginal cost rule is applicable to loss minimization as well as profit maximization. However, if marginal revenue intersects marginal cost below average variable cost, it means that revenues are not sufficient to cover fixed costs and the firm should close down.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>MAX</b><b>IMUM PROFIT</b></div><a name="anchor60456"></a>The maximum profit is obtained by first determining the level of output for which marginal revenue equals marginal cost (thus profits cannot possibly be increased). Then determining 1- total revenue given by price multiplied by quantity, 2- total cost given by average total cost multiplied by quantity, 3- the difference between 1 and 2 above is the profit (or loss).<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>MAXIMUM PROFIT GRAPH</b></div><a name="anchor60808"></a>Since maximum profit is the excess of total revenue over total cost, it is shown graphically as the area by which the total revenue rectangle exceeds the total cost rectangle. The height of total revenue rectangle is the price received by the firm, and the width is the optimum quantity (where MR=MC). The height of total cost rectangle is average total cost (on ATC curve), and the width is the optimum quantity. <p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><a name="anchor154465"></a>Graph </p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><img src="http://www.peoi.org/Courses/mic/Resources/Image124b.gif" width="455" height="311" align="BOTTOM" border="0" naturalsizeflag="3" /></span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>SHORT RUN SUPPLY CURVE</b></div><a name="anchor61141"></a>The short run supply curve of firms in perfect competition is the upsloping portion of the marginal cost curve (above the average variable cost intersection). Indeed, a firm determines its optimum volume of sales by taking the intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost. The marginal revenue is also the price it receives. Thus supplier's price-quantity combinations are given by the marginal cost upsloping portion.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>LONG RUN PERFECT COMPETITION EQUILIBRIUM</b></div><a name="anchor61395"></a>The long run equilibrium for firms in perfect competition is where demand (and marginal revenue which is identical to it) is tangent to the minimum of average total cost (where marginal cost also intersects average total cost). At that point, there is no profit or loss for the firm. (Note that there is no pure or economic profit, but normal profit must still be covered).<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>ENTRY OF FIRMS IN PERFECT COMPETITION</b></div><a name="anchor61731"></a>Should demand be above the minimum of average total cost, pure profit would exist for firms in perfect competition. This profit would attract new firms to the industry. Such entry of new firms is not impeded by any entry barriers in industries in perfect competition. The new firms would increase the total market supply and drive the price down. The lower price pushes the demand for each firm down toward or even below the equilibrium minimum average total cost point.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>EXIT OF FIRMS </b><b>IN PERFECT COMPETITION</b></div><a name="anchor62028"></a>Should the demand be below the minimum of average total cost, losses of firms would force some firms to leave the industry. As firms leave, a decreasing total supply pushes price back up. The increasing price lifts the demand curves for individual firms upward toward or even above the equilibrium point. Firms departure or entry will continue until the price settles to be just equal to minimum average cost.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>LONG R</b><b>UN SUPPLY CURVE</b></div><a name="anchor62344"></a>The long run supply curve for an industry in perfect competition is perfectly elastic (that is horizontal) in constant-cost industries and upsloping in increasing-cost industries. Whether an industry is constant-cost or increasing-cost is determined by<br />the presence of adequate or insufficient resources.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMPETITION ECONOMIC EFFECT</b></div><a name="anchor62650"></a>Perfect competition is seen as an ideal or optimum form of market because of its very beneficial economic effect for society, which comes from<br />- allocative efficiency, and- productive efficiency.<br />But there are a few shortcomings nevertheless.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY</b></div><a name="anchor62980"></a>The productive efficiency of perfect competition can be observed in the long run equilibrium point of all firms in the industry, which is at the minimum of average total cost. This means that<br />all firms are forced to cut their costs and utilize the best available technology in order to have their minimum average total cost no higher than that of all the other firms in the industry. There is also no under or over utilized capacity.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY</b></div><a name="anchor63310"></a>The allocative efficiency in perfect competition comes from the fact that the quantity produced by each firm is just that for which the price paid by society is equal to the cost of additional resources (marginal cost). More could not possibly be obtained for a lower price. The resources are also the most efficiently allocated among industries since firms will bid for these resources up to the price consumers want to pay for them.<p></p><p style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "></p><div style="text-align: center;"><b>PERFECT COMP</b><b>ETITION SHORTCOMINGS</b></div><a name="anchor63649"></a>In spite of its beneficial economic effect, perfect competition fails to<br />- provide any correction for income distribution inequity,<br />- generate any public goods since there is not profit,<br />- stimulate technological progress because of lack of profits,<br />- offer diversity in products since these are standardized.<p></p><p style="text-align: center;font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVDoQrH0QHBk4tLfDiFRzcBhsm_FfNoT93XPDElOtsVczTzaVjcz1OxxjysYK_C9-zyZhPOAKD-Evw6m9UGalbFQD4rRT7CcXtko8JzSXrc4DLlTbbAmhCu6p4IAJHb92dQWAu5RSqAQ/s400/enjoy_your_day_05.gif" style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 237px;" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5583954875996882370" /></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-49348349540168641172011-01-30T02:18:00.000-08:002011-01-30T02:24:12.700-08:00*L*o*v*e*<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTxr_-CKl1yUZ2mLnJwtXlWEiE9zEgx6twveH0BPgMF4KcnY94RvPBdNjfKkg8x8VNrC12gMFujF9tmO6s_qIy6W7iZU37C55Bza51LtJFpMI1XmiEnCtWNow4XpC2q2PJ3QHwhmOWAg/s1600/LOVE.gif"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 313px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTxr_-CKl1yUZ2mLnJwtXlWEiE9zEgx6twveH0BPgMF4KcnY94RvPBdNjfKkg8x8VNrC12gMFujF9tmO6s_qIy6W7iZU37C55Bza51LtJFpMI1XmiEnCtWNow4XpC2q2PJ3QHwhmOWAg/s400/LOVE.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5567922009423813826" /></a><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span"><i><span class="quote" style="font-size: 16pt; "><b style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; ">|</b><span class="Apple-style-span" >C|I|N|D|E|R|E|L|L|A| walked on broken glass<br /><br />Sleeping Beauty let a whole 'lifetime' pass<br /><br />Belle fell in .l.o.v.e. with a<br />:hideous beast:<br /><br />(Pocahontas) risked her life for a feast<br /><br />Jasmine could have had *anyone*, but instead chose a<br />{p o o r m a n}<br /><br />And Ariel [walked.on.land]<br /><br />All for love and all for life<br /><br />.B.l.o.o.d. .S.w.e.a.t. .n. .T.e.a.r.s.<br /><br />*L*o*v*e* is about facing your |Biggest Fears|</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" ><br /><br /></span><br /></i></span><center style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, Swiss, SunSans-Regular; "><ins style="display: inline-table; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; height: 90px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px; "></ins></center></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-24736912008589267562011-01-06T22:01:00.000-08:002011-01-06T22:06:24.998-08:00My Dream {Episode 1}<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Lets start the conversation after a long time with my First dream….</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Birds were flying in the sky so high… A little bird sitting with her mother in her nest …</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Mother teaching her about how to have a good flight.. but the little girl has some thing else to listen… </span></em></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Mother looked at her and then looked to the angle of her eyes… Oh my … </span></em></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >My baby bird looking at the other nest…Listening to the gossiping birds…</span></em></p><p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><em style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: italic normal normal 100%/normal Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; "><span class="Apple-style-span" >Oh Lord…My baby bird…How to save her from the World…Oh Lord My baby bird…............... (cont...)</span></em></p></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-8262265090532921022010-04-20T01:24:00.000-07:002010-04-20T01:27:52.477-07:00<div style="text-align: center;"><em><strong></strong></em><em><strong></strong></em><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxt1p2np6kTqCsjKv1xQ-j51MsCSErA3G9RsriViPE5R0NX-snw4NYGLKpjNFDQsoY9XTSkAioHyNDiJ7DXvAoQdclbT9q2nVzCL9Ch1oVKsZy8UoxDUd0Ugs-bE71rhOE1SnlFBJiQ/s1600/FlowersMay102006LittleYellowAndBluePansies.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 355px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxt1p2np6kTqCsjKv1xQ-j51MsCSErA3G9RsriViPE5R0NX-snw4NYGLKpjNFDQsoY9XTSkAioHyNDiJ7DXvAoQdclbT9q2nVzCL9Ch1oVKsZy8UoxDUd0Ugs-bE71rhOE1SnlFBJiQ/s400/FlowersMay102006LittleYellowAndBluePansies.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462133077207854018" border="0" /></a><a href="http://www.glittergraphicsnow.com/" title="Orkut and MySpace Glitter Graphics"><img src="http://i287.photobucket.com/albums/ll149/glittergn/flower/flower005.gif" alt="Glitter Graphics" border="0" /></a><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-14187423348870487692010-04-20T01:16:00.001-07:002010-04-20T01:21:38.637-07:00q<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT7ebhmkg6VJdXIOBDaLfIGoPU9kcbOMnLtCxDE83TLdTZV8m0NVcAQO-Hf-PUFpXzi84WZLtRt7gpYMr9r-F54HtJeNBrOHX3OkTqxWlwp1Bt2_K9BK_JUUF0WpHT2vqhvfqK5nW30w/s1600/flower1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 360px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT7ebhmkg6VJdXIOBDaLfIGoPU9kcbOMnLtCxDE83TLdTZV8m0NVcAQO-Hf-PUFpXzi84WZLtRt7gpYMr9r-F54HtJeNBrOHX3OkTqxWlwp1Bt2_K9BK_JUUF0WpHT2vqhvfqK5nW30w/s400/flower1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5462131455772331186" border="0" /></a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-52927273710878951822009-12-31T03:33:00.000-08:002011-07-10T12:57:37.945-07:00ALLAH<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMIWGJ1cEG-SUE_IRxOzecfni3204205hUHzot5eJjjXiPd49ol1k8ZLtX4DkABowSUIRwETVmrUTX6EL6z8nVyxD-3NG0N0WtWDPeYTSeN_-FW7_Xf5R6sTZvQBp1wcvJ11FRRYeasg/s1600-h/allah.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 300px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMIWGJ1cEG-SUE_IRxOzecfni3204205hUHzot5eJjjXiPd49ol1k8ZLtX4DkABowSUIRwETVmrUTX6EL6z8nVyxD-3NG0N0WtWDPeYTSeN_-FW7_Xf5R6sTZvQBp1wcvJ11FRRYeasg/s400/allah.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421362581548904786" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-weight: bold; ">I know you are there </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Little bird, </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Covered by rich green, talking to the tree </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Yes, a talking tree! </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> I know you are hiding </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Little ant, </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Under the solid brown, listening to the song </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Yes, the singing earth! </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> I know you are relaxing </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Tiny drop of rain, </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Inside the airy white, hearing the laugh </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Yes, a laughing cloud! </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> I know you are dancing </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Little bee, </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Beside fresh colors, joining a prayer </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Yes, a praying flower! </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> I know you are breathing </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Little fish, </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Deep in the wide blue, amazed by stories </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Yes, the Historian Ocean! </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> I am sitting in my room </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Seeing you all in the heart of my eye </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Praising the work of God </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Wishing to add more before I die </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Talking tree </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Singing earth </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Laughing cloud </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Praying flower; and </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Historian Ocean </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Let me join you, and be sublime </span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; "> Praising God till the end of our time!<br /></span><div style="text-align: left; "><span>http://www.islamicpoetry.org/s1-1:1.htm</span><br /></div></div><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-64194359178801828252009-12-30T07:05:00.000-08:002011-04-01T08:20:39.095-07:00AMEER KHUSRO COUPLET<span class="Apple-style-span" ><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr5pKv8iKxHTAyYjNDOnJSniymYCwmPraspqsXDywOGj8Z0mRYaQFqUG_vDt7be2lfoPClIA8t_Mez8YwwXkAqm_V5rx6F43KKFzAGxMhOFjJyi66hmfkgM0k4K7KUtqCejO8Ojif2Kg/s1600-h/newportcliffwalk9.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr5pKv8iKxHTAyYjNDOnJSniymYCwmPraspqsXDywOGj8Z0mRYaQFqUG_vDt7be2lfoPClIA8t_Mez8YwwXkAqm_V5rx6F43KKFzAGxMhOFjJyi66hmfkgM0k4K7KUtqCejO8Ojif2Kg/s400/newportcliffwalk9.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421053247500735042" border="0" /></a><br /></span><div style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; "><div style="text-align: center; "><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span style="font-size: 130%; ">U original<br />Khusrau darya prem ka, ulti wa ki dhaar, </span><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> Jo utra so doob gaya, jo dooba so paar. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> English Translation.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> Oh Khusrau, the river of love</span><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> Runs in strange directions. </span><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> One who jumps into it drowns, </span><br /><span style="font-size: 130%; "> And one who drowns, gets across.</span></span></div> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-18235980697466466922009-12-23T06:03:00.000-08:002009-12-28T10:23:04.868-08:00"Love letter from a mathematician"<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvJvEm5FjpNCLKbsKIx5Oy4u16gTt_zklwDYkiz9NPMQOml52spyN1YW7YwO8uBfEas6GrZcNCXmFKP_mlfJbtsDKpHWs_s8Z74be6k9_L3c9hqqMQGOZigOcA2oP3hu6Gy_wePFFZZw/s1600-h/math.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvJvEm5FjpNCLKbsKIx5Oy4u16gTt_zklwDYkiz9NPMQOml52spyN1YW7YwO8uBfEas6GrZcNCXmFKP_mlfJbtsDKpHWs_s8Z74be6k9_L3c9hqqMQGOZigOcA2oP3hu6Gy_wePFFZZw/s400/math.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5418436400834846738" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;">"My Dear Love"<br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;">Yesterday, I was passing by your rectangular house in trigonometric lane. There i saw you with your cute circular face, conical nose, parabolic chin and spherical eyes, standing in your triangular garden. Before seeing you my heart was a null set but when a vector of magnitude love fall on it, it has no free space on its 3D plane, please add ne in your heart and subtract all the angriness and divide your happy moments to multiply my Life hours because you + me = happiness forever. I miss you 24 hours a day 7 days a week.</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;">Only Yous.......... ANTIDERIVATIVE. </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-34528338993703531822009-12-06T23:58:00.000-08:002009-12-31T03:48:05.151-08:00What is the History of Chocolate?<div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://azcookbook.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/melted-chocolate.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 542px; height: 584px;" src="http://azcookbook.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/melted-chocolate.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Chocolate was an important drink of the Aztec Indians, how it became popularized in Europe despite it being kept a state secret in Spain for nearly a century.</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:oNwlNCyXqeABnM:http://www.mdhb.com/images/chocolate.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 126px; height: 129px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:oNwlNCyXqeABnM:http://www.mdhb.com/images/chocolate.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Although cocoa trees grew wild in Central America since pre-historic times, it wasn’t until around 600 AD when the Maya Indians established cocoa plantations in the Yucatan region of Mexico. The Mayans, and later the Aztecs, took the cocoa bean from the cocoa trees and processed it into a drink called “xocoatl” or “chocoatl.” This word, in the Mexican Indian language, means “foam water.” “Choco” means “foam” and “atl” means “water.” This chocolate was consumed only in the liquid form.<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://morningnoonandnight.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/chocolate.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 500px; height: 400px;" src="http://morningnoonandnight.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/chocolate.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /></span><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chocolate was extremely important in the life of the Aztec Indians. According to Arthur W. Knapp, author of “The Cocoa And Chocolate Industry,” the Aztecs believed that chocolate was consumed by the Gods in paradise and that the cocoa seed was brought to earth as a special blessing for the people here by the God of the Air.</span><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.essentialchocolate.com/images/homepage/COFFEE%20CHOCOLATE%20DREAM%20WITH%20SLICEh.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 444px; height: 468px;" src="http://www.essentialchocolate.com/images/homepage/COFFEE%20CHOCOLATE%20DREAM%20WITH%20SLICEh.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><table style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;" align="right" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="middle"><script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "pub-6167988213978292"; google_ad_width = 180; google_ad_height = 90; google_ad_format = "180x90_0ads_al"; google_ad_channel ="5878910303"; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "339933"; google_color_url = "000000"; google_color_text = "000000"; //--></script><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"> </span><script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><script>google_protectAndRun("ads_core.google_render_ad", google_handleError, google_render_ad);</script><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" ><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >The last Aztec emperor, Montezuma, was reported to have drunk no other beverage than chocoatl, which consisted of chocolate flavored with vanilla and spices in such a way as to have the consistency of honey. This was noted by Hernando Cortez, he conqueror of Mexico, who in 1528 brought cocoa beans back to Spain to the court of the King Charles V.<br /></span><div style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;" align="center"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.geekologie.com/2008/04/08/baby-chocolate.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 450px; height: 329px;" src="http://www.geekologie.com/2008/04/08/baby-chocolate.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">chocolate baby</span><br /></span></div><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For the next century, chocolate became a top secret in Spain. Only monks in monasteries were allowed to process cocoa beans into chocolate because Spain wanted to keep the secret of processing chocolate from becoming known in the other European countries. This remained a secret in Spain for almost a hundred years. Finally, with the decline of Spain’s power, the secret leaked out. In 1606, an Italian traveler in Spain, Antonio Carletti, discovered the secret of chocolate and brought it to the other European nations</span>. </span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In addition to Carletti’s discovery, chocolate was popularized even further by the marriage of Spanish Princess Maria Theresa and King Louis XIV in 1616. Maria Theresa gave chocolate to the French king as a wedding present, which helped popularize chocolate in France.</span><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;" align="center"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/chocolate-keyboard.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 535px; height: 391px;" src="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/chocolate-keyboard.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">chocolate keyboard</span><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/chocolate-keyboard.jpg"><br /></a></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Because of its great expense, chocolate was considered to be a drink of only the elite class for the rest of the 17th century. As the Spanish historian Oviedo noted: "None but the rich and noble could afford to drink chocolatl as it was literally drinking money. Cocoa passed currency as money among all nations.”</span><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:xw8JCmH0efjXCM:http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/chocolate-2.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 129px; height: 84px;" src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:xw8JCmH0efjXCM:http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/chocolate-2.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">By early in the 18th century, the price of chocolate had dropped so many people outside of the wealthy class could enjoy it. During this era, chocolate houses became as popular in England as coffee houses. In fact, there were chocolate houses that catered to only certain types of clientele such as politicians, gamblers, and the literati.</span><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:JTJjBwJLnanY1M:http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/2008/Chocolate.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 117px;" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:JTJjBwJLnanY1M:http://www.babble.com/CS/blogs/strollerderby/2008/Chocolate.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a></span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"> </p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One interesting fact about chocolate in England was that the Quakers participated in this business very heavily. One reason was that the Quakers hoped to persuade the poor to give up drinking alcohol in favor of the healthier chocolate drink. This involvement of the Quakers in chocolate continued with their emigration to Colonial America, primarily to Pennsylvania. It was one of the descendants of those colonial Pennsylvania Quakers, Milton Hershey, who was later to become perhaps the most important name in the chocolate industry.</span> </span></p><div style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;" align="center"><span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://oygirl.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/chocolate_shoes1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="http://oygirl.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/chocolate_shoes1.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">chocolate shoes</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">tasty ???</span><br /></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-3722091221924969052009-12-06T23:23:00.000-08:002009-12-31T03:48:05.153-08:00Motivation theories<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Here are academic theories about motivation. (Read detail via links) </span><ul style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/acquired_needs.htm">Acquired Needs Theory</a>: we seek power, achievement or affiliation.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/affect_perseverance.htm">Affect Perseverance</a>: Preference persists after disconfirmation.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/attitude_behavior_consistency.htm">Attitude-Behavior Consistency</a>: factors that align attitude and behavior.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/attribution_theory.htm">Attribution Theory</a>: we need to attribute cause, that supports our ego.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/cognitive_dissonance.htm">Cognitive Dissonance</a>: non-alignment is uncomfortable.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/cognitive_evaluation.htm">Cognitive Evalution Theory</a>: we select tasks based on how doable they are.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/consistency_theory.htm">Consistency Theory</a>: we seek the comfort of internal alignment.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/control.htm">Control Theory</a>: we seek to control the world around us.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/disconfirmation_bias.htm">Disconfirmation bias</a>: Agreeing with what supports beliefs and vice versa.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/erg_theory.htm">ERG Theory</a>: We seek to fulfill needs of existence, relatedness and growth.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/escape_theory.htm"> Escape Theory</a>: We seek to escape uncomfortable realities.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/expectancy.htm">Expectancy Theory</a>: We are motivated by desirable things we expect we can achieve.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/extrinsic_motivation.htm">Extrinsic Motivation</a>: external: tangible rewards.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/goals.htm">Goal-Setting Theory</a>: different types of goals motivate us differently.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/intrinsic_motivation.htm">Intrinsic Motivation</a>: internal: value-based rewards.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/investment_model.htm">Investment Model</a>: our commitment depends on what we have invested.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/opponent-process.htm">Opponent-Process Theory</a>: opposite emotions interact.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/positive_psychology.htm">Positive psychology</a>: What makes us happy.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/reactance.htm">Reactance Theory</a>: discomfort when freedom is threatened.</li><li> <a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/self-determination.htm">Self-Determination Theory</a>: External and internal motivation.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/self-discrepancy.htm">Self-Discrepancy Theory</a>: we need beliefs to be consistent.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/side_bet.htm">Side Bet Theory</a>: aligned side-bets increase commitment to a main bet.</li><li><a href="http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/transtheoretical_model.htm">The Transtheoretical Model of Change</a>: Stages in changing oneself.</li></ul>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-25838912061850954382009-09-10T09:35:00.000-07:002009-12-31T03:06:48.041-08:0011th September Death Anniversary of the great Leader Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah<a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9NtLa-y6TKQQpqI1MJ376Wrcai0GFR6FFfisYxGVzQTtiGq7yIDfxdtyNRZJfp3BRcaQ5XvwF6znacubtQwk8p2jNaQEI-fOzL5idkH87KITPMncQ7vBd-pT9GgFKWFCIckIgoOzww/s1600-h/QAMAJ.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo9NtLa-y6TKQQpqI1MJ376Wrcai0GFR6FFfisYxGVzQTtiGq7yIDfxdtyNRZJfp3BRcaQ5XvwF6znacubtQwk8p2jNaQEI-fOzL5idkH87KITPMncQ7vBd-pT9GgFKWFCIckIgoOzww/s400/QAMAJ.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5380235462874226770" border="0" /></a><br /><img style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/q-house1.jpg" alt="Vazeer Mansion" align="left" width="182" height="238" /><b style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Quaid-e-Azam</span></i></b><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25</span><sup style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">th</sup><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> December 1876 at </span><i style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Vazeer Mansion</span></i><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Karachi, was the first of seven children of </span><i style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Jinnahbhai</span></i><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, a prosperous merchant. After being taught at home, Jinnah was sent to the </span><i style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Sindh Madrasasah High School</span></i><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> in 1887. Later he attended the Mission High School, where, at the age of 16, he passed the matriculation examination of the University of Bombay. On the advice of an English friend, his father decided to send him to England to acquire business experience. Jinnah, however, had made up his mind to become a barrister. In keeping with the custom of the time, his parents arranged for an early marriage for him before he left for England.</span><img style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/q-father.jpg" alt="Mr. Jinnahbhai" align="right" width="172" height="185" /> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In London he joined Lincoln's Inn, one of the legal societies that prepared students for the bar. In 1895, at the age of 19, he was called to the bar. While in London Jinnah suffered two severe bereavements--the deaths of his wife and his mother. Nevertheless, he completed his formal studies and also made a study of the British political system, frequently visiting the House of Commons. He was greatly influenced by the liberalism of William E. Gladstone, who had become prime minister for the fourth time in 1892, the year of Jinnah's arrival in London. Jinnah also took a keen interest in the affairs of India and in Indian students. When the Parsi leader Dadabhai Naoroji, a leading Indian nationalist, ran for the English Parliament, Jinnah and other Indian students worked day and night for him. Their efforts were crowned with success, and Naoroji became the first Indian to sit in the House of Commons.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/smi.jpg" alt="Sindh Madarsat-ul-Islam" align="left" width="337" height="215" />When Jinnah returned to Karachi in 1896, he found that his father's business had suffered losses and that he now had to depend on himself. He decided to start his legal practice in Bombay, but it took him years of work to establish himself as a lawyer.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It was nearly 10 years later that he turned toward active politics. A man without hobbies, his interest became divided between law and politics. Nor was he a religious zealot: he was a Muslim in a broad sense and had little to do with sects. His interest in women was also limited to Ruttenbai--the daughter of Sir Dinshaw Petit, a Bombay Parsi millionaire--whom he married over tremendous opposition from her parents and others. The marriage proved an unhappy one. It was his sister Fatima who gave him solace and company.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/Red.gif" width="14" height="14" /><a name="Entry into politics."></a><b><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="font-size:78%;">Entry into politics.</span></span></i></b></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Jinnah</span></i></b> first entered politics by participating in the 1906 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress, the party that called for dominion status and later for independence for India. Four years later he was elected to the Imperial Legislative Council--the beginning of a long and distinguished parliamentary career. In Bombay he came to know, among other important Congress personalities, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, the eminent Maratha leader. Greatly influenced by these nationalist politicians, Jinnah aspired during the early part of his political life to become "a Muslim Gokhale." Admiration for British political institutions and an eagerness to raise the status of India in the international community and to develop a sense of Indian nationhood among the peoples of India were the chief elements of his politics. At that time, he still looked upon Muslim interests in the context of Indian nationalism.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But, by the beginning of the 20th century, the conviction had been growing among the Muslims that their interests demanded the preservation of their separate identity rather than amalgamation in the Indian nation that would for all practical purposes be Hindu. Largely to safeguard Muslim interests, the All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906. But Jinnah remained aloof from it. Only in 1913, when authoritatively assured that the league was as devoted as the Congress to the political emancipation of India, did Jinnah join the league. When the Indian Home Rule League was formed, he became its chief organiser in Bombay and was elected president of the Bombay branch.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/q-ghan4.jpg" alt="Quaid & Ghandi" align="right" width="291" height="222" /><i><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">"Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity."</span></i> Jinnah's endeavours to bring about thepolitical union of Hindus and Muslims earned him the title of "the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity," an epithet coined by Gokhale. It was largely through his efforts that the Congress and the Muslim League began to hold their annual sessions jointly, to facilitate mutual consultation and participation. In 1915 the two organisations held their meetings in Bombay and in 1916 in Lucknow, where the Lucknow Pact was concluded. Under the terms of the pact, the two organisations put their seal to a scheme of constitutional reform that became their joint demand vis-à-vis the British government. There was a good deal of give and take, but the Muslims obtained one important concession in the shape of separate electorates, already conceded to them by the government in 1909 but hitherto resisted by the Congress.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Meanwhile, a new force in Indian politics had appeared in the person of Mohandas K. Gandhi. Both the Home Rule League and the Indian National Congress had come under his sway. Opposed to Gandhi's Non-co-operation Movement and his essentially Hindu approach to politics, Jinnah left both the League and the Congress in 1920. For a few years he kept himself aloof from the main political movements. He continued to be a firm believer in Hindu-Muslim unity and constitutional methods for the achievement of political ends. After his withdrawal from the Congress, he used the Muslim League platform for the propagation of his views. But during the 1920s the Muslim League, and with it Jinnah, had been overshadowed by the Congress and the religiously oriented Muslim Khilafat committee.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When the failure of the Non-co-operation Movement and the emergence of Hindu revivalist movements led to antagonism and riots between the Hindus and Muslims, the league gradually began to come into its own. Jinnah's problem during the following years was to convert the league into an enlightenedpolitical body prepared to co-operate with other organisations working for the good of India. In addition, he had to convince the Congress, as a prerequisite for political progress, of the necessity of settling the Hindu-Muslim conflict.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To bring about such a rapprochement was Jinnah's chief purpose during the late 1920s and early 1930s. He worked toward this end within the legislative assembly, at the Round Table Conferences in London (1930-32), and through his 14 points, which included proposals for a federal form of government, greater rights for minorities, one-third representation for Muslims in the central legislature, separation of the predominantly Muslim Sindh region from the rest of the Bombay province, and the introduction of reforms in the north-west Frontier Province. But he failed. His failure to bring about even minor amendments in the Nehru Committee proposals (1928) over the question of separate electorates and reservation of seats for Muslims in the legislatures frustrated him. He found himself in a peculiar position at this time; many Muslims thought that he was too nationalistic in his policy and that Muslim interests were not safe in his hands, while the Indian National Congress would not even meet the moderate Muslim demands halfway. Indeed, the Muslim League was a house divided against itself. The Punjab Muslim League repudiated Jinnah's leadership and organised itself separately. In disgust, Jinnah decided to settle in England. From 1930 to 1935 he remained in London, devoting himself to practice before the Privy Council. But when constitutional changes were in the offing, he was persuaded to return home to head a reconstituted Muslim League.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Soon preparations started for the elections under the Government of India Act of 1935. Jinnah was still thinking in terms of co-operation between the Muslim League and the Hindu Congress and with coalition governments in the provinces. But the elections of 1937 proved to be a turning point in the relations between the two organisations. The Congress obtained an absolute majority in six provinces, and the league did not do particularly well. The Congress decided not to include the league in the formation of provincial governments, and exclusive all-Congress governments were.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/Red.gif" width="14" height="14" /><a name="Creator of Pakistan."></a><b><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="font-size:78%;">Creator of Pakistan.</span></span></i></b></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/quaid30.jpg" alt="Quaid-e-Azam" align="left" width="208" height="234" /><i><b><span style="font-size:85%;">Jinnah</span></b> </i>had originally been dubious about the practicability of Pakistan, an idea that Sir Muhammad Iqbal had propounded to the Muslim League conference of 1930; but before long he became convinced that a Muslim homeland on the Indian subcontinent was the only way of safeguarding Muslim interests and the Muslim way of life. It was not religious persecution that he feared so much as the future exclusion of Muslims from all prospects of advancement within India as soon as power became vested in the close-knit structure of Hindu social organisation. To guard against this danger he carried on a nation-wide campaign to warn his coreligionists of the perils of their position, and he converted the Muslim League into a powerful instrument for unifying the Muslims into a nation.</p> <center style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/q-add.jpg" alt="Quaid Addressing" width="291" height="244" /></p></center> <center style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><i><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">Muhammad Ali Jinnah, addressing a procession on 23rd March, 1940</span></i></p></center> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">At this point, Jinnah emerged as the leader of a renascent Muslim nation. Events began to move fast. On March 22-23, 1940, in Lahore, the league adopted a resolution to form a separate Muslim state, Pakistan. The Pakistan idea was first ridiculed and then tenaciously opposed by the Congress. But it captured the imagination of the Muslims. Pitted against Jinnah were men of the stature of Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. And the British government seemed to be intent on maintaining the political unity of the Indian subcontinent. But Jinnah led his movement with such skill and tenacity that ultimately both the Congress and the British government had no option but to agree to the partitioning of India. Pakistan thus emerged as an independent state in 14th August, 1947.</p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="http://www.brain.net.pk/%7Ewisetech/50/bio/q-oth1.jpg" alt="Quaid-e-Azam Taking Oath" align="left" width="281" height="258" /></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><i><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size:85%;">-----------------------------------------</span></span></i></b></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Jinnah</span></i></b> became the first head of the new state i.e. Pakistan. <i style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">He took oath as the first governor general on August 15, 1947</span></i>. Faced with the serious problems of a young nation, he tackled Pakistan's problems with authority. He was not regarded as merely the governor-general; he was revered as the father of the nation. He worked hard until overpowered by age and disease in Karachi. He died on 11<sup>th</sup> September, 1948 at Karachi</p><br /><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">source: <a href="http://www.blogger.com/www.brain.net.pk">http://brain.net.pk</a><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-83984863154742765752009-09-10T09:13:00.000-07:002009-12-31T03:48:05.155-08:00What is an Income Statement.<p style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Income statement, also called profit and loss statement (P&L) and Statement of Operations, is a company's <span class="mw-redirect">financial statement</span> that indicates how the revenue (money received from the sale of products and services before expenses are taken out, also known as the "top line") is transformed into the net income (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for, also known as the "bottom line"). The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made or lost money during the period being reported.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The important thing to remember about an income statement is that it represents a period of time. This contrasts with the balance sheet, which represents a single moment in time.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Charitable organizations that are required to publish financial statements do not produce an income statement. Instead, they produce a similar statement that reflects funding sources compared against program expenses, administrative costs, and other operating commitments.</p><pre style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> - INCOME STATEMENT BOND LLC -<br /> For the year ended DECEMBER 31 2007<br /><br /> $ $<br />Revenues<br />GROSS PROFIT (including rental income) 496,397<br /> --------<br />Expenses:<br />ADVERTISING 6,300<br />BANK & CREDIT CARD FEES 144<br />BOOKKEEPING 3,350<br />EMPLOYEES 88,000<br />ENTERTAINMENT 5,550<br />INSURANCE 750<br />LEGAL & PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 1,575<br />LICENSES 632<br />PRINTING, POSTAGE & STATIONERY 320<br />RENT 13,000<br />RENTAL MORTGAGES AND FEES 74,400<br />UTILITIES 491<br /> --------<br /> TOTAL EXPENSES (194,512)<br /> --------<br />NET INCOME 301,885<br /> ========<br /><br />http://en.wikipedia.org<br /></pre>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-73762783360671007262009-09-10T08:16:00.000-07:002009-12-28T10:23:04.869-08:00Kanras<span style="font-size:130%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQw7bjnTQyo3-RGVQwwtOHkpr5Op4uuMTflETKo39VgHdhAa16E978UVdico4EBg-a8gbLsO8DG3mbpEWeongSV_RJqEUOJWtMrLlNmF38OkfxNSje72BEMyXCVmW6QQQUbcnjtEWIWg/s1600-h/crying.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQw7bjnTQyo3-RGVQwwtOHkpr5Op4uuMTflETKo39VgHdhAa16E978UVdico4EBg-a8gbLsO8DG3mbpEWeongSV_RJqEUOJWtMrLlNmF38OkfxNSje72BEMyXCVmW6QQQUbcnjtEWIWg/s400/crying.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5379863396032260354" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >The eyes downcast,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >the tone enervated,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >sentences uttered in fragments,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >lashes covered in dust</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >and sunburnt face.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >Bowing his unkempt head has come a long lost friend.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >The heart is tempted to take hold of his hand,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >to rush immediately to kiss his brow,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >and never allow him to go back alone.</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >But deep within me someone whispers:</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >all this is feigned, phantasm, facade,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >Don’t ever believe!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;" >Don’t ever believe!</span><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-48583534594398641642009-09-09T10:02:00.000-07:002009-12-28T10:23:04.870-08:00Lets read Parveen Shakir (late)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2oip3X5puj4IMLId5aVwBN-e4nF57hErb9edlFe8TTnokiwfLvaGj-icYpf-lwdJUGTs41rbauiu0bP7mV9HI8TxMTAQelRyjeDuDu6HaC9hFbKWLUfk6TkqkebbxKgtqsFOgF8RrBg/s1600-h/khushboo.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 267px; height: 354px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2oip3X5puj4IMLId5aVwBN-e4nF57hErb9edlFe8TTnokiwfLvaGj-icYpf-lwdJUGTs41rbauiu0bP7mV9HI8TxMTAQelRyjeDuDu6HaC9hFbKWLUfk6TkqkebbxKgtqsFOgF8RrBg/s400/khushboo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5379518702152079378" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center; font-family: georgia; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><br />I don’t care a damn for the dark.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" >On each and every gloomy path</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" > of all the forthcoming nights,</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" > there shines a moon</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" > —your cute, lovely face.</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-78739400822389492282009-09-08T07:28:00.000-07:002009-12-31T03:48:05.157-08:00What is a Balance Sheet?<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="font-weight: bold;"><em>Balance Sheet</em> Mean</strong><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">A financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. These three balance sheet segments give investors an idea as to what the company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders.</span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><br />Pretend that you are going to apply for a loan to put a swimming pool into your backyard. You go to the bank asking to borrow money, and the banker insists that you give him a list of your current finances. After going home and looking over your statements, you pull out a blank sheet of paper and write down everything you have that is of value [your checking and savings account, mutual funds, house, and cars]. Then, at the bottom of the sheet your write down all of your debt [the mortgage, car payments, and your student loan]. You subtract everything you owe by all the stuff you have and come up with your net worth.</span> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Just as the bank asked you to put together a balance sheet to evaluate your credit-worthiness, the government requires companies to put them together several times a year for their shareholders. This allows current and potential investors to get a snapshot of a company's finances. Among other things, the balance sheet will show you the value of the stuff the company owns [right down to the telephones sitting on the desk of their employees], the amount of debt, how much inventory is in the corporate warehouse, and how much money the business has to work with in the short term. It is generally the first report you want to look at when valuing a company.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Before you can analyze a balance sheet, you have to know how it is set-up.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Assets, Liabilities and Shareholder Equity</span></b></p> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Every balance sheet is divided into three main parts - assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity. </span></span></p> <ul style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Assets</b> are anything that have value. Your house, car, checking account, and the antique china set your grandma gave you are all assets. Companies figure up the dollar value of everything they own and put it under the asset side of the balance sheet.<br /></span></span></p> </li><li> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b>Liabilities</b> are the opposite of assets. They are anything that costs a company money. Liabilities include monthly rent payments, utility bills, the mortgage on the building, corporate credit card debt, and any bonds the company has issued.<br /></span></span></p> </li><li> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b> Shareholder equity</b> is the difference between assets and liability; it tells you the "book value", or what is left for the stockholders after all the debt has been paid.</span></span></p> </li></ul> <p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Every balance sheet must "balance". The total value of all assets <i>must</i> be equal to the combined value of the all liabilities and shareholder equity (i.e., if a lemonade stand had $10 in assets and $3 in liabilities, the shareholder equity would be $7. The assets are $10, the liabilities + shareholder equity = $10 [$3 + $7]).</span></span></p><table style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" id="AutoNumber1" bg="" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" height="1000"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" width="100%" height="22"><p align="center"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Coca-Cola Company<br /> </span></b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b>Consolidated Balance Sheet - January 31, 2001</b></span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b><u>Assets</u></b></span></td> <td width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><u><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Current Assets</span></u></td> <td width="30%" height="22"> <p align="center"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Dec. 31, 2000</span></b></p></td> <td width="20%" height="22"> <p align="center"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Dec. 31, 1999</span></b></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="19"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Cash and Cash Equivalents</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="19"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,819,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="19"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$1,611,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Short Term Investments</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $73,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$201,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Receivables</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,757,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$1,798,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Inventories</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,066,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$1,076,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Prepaid expenses and other</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,905,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$1,794,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>Total Current Assets</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$6,620,000,000</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$6,480,000,000</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > </span><br /></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > </span><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><u><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Long Term Assets</span></u></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Long Term Investments</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $8,129,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $8,916,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Property, Plant and Equipment</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $4,168,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $4,267,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Goodwill</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,917,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $1,960,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Intangible Assets</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Accumulated Depreciation (or Amortization)</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Other Assets</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Deferred Long Term Asset Charges</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>Total Assets</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$20,834,000,000</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$21,623,000,000</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><u><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Liabilities</span></b></u></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><u><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Current Liabilities</span></u></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Accounts Payable</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $9,300,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $4,483,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Short Term Debt</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $21,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $5,373,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Other Current Liabilities</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>Total Current Liabilities</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $9,321,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $9,856,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><u><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Long-Term Liabilities</span></u></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Long Term Debt</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $835,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $854,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Other Liabilities</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$1,004,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$902,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Deferred Long Term Liability Charges</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $358,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $498,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Minority Interest</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>Total Liabilities</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$11,518,000,000</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$12,110,000,000</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><b><u><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Shareholder's Equity</span></u></b></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><br /></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b> </b> Misc. Stock Option Warrants</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b> </b> Redeemable Preferred</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" ><b> </b> Preferred Stock</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="20"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > N/A</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Common Stock</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$870,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >$867,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Retained Earnings</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $21,265,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $20,773,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Treasury Stock</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >($13,293,000,000)</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"> <span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >($13,160,000,000)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Capital Surplus</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $3,196,000,000</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > $2,584,000,000</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Other Stockholder Equity</span></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > ($2,722,000,000)</span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > ($1,551,000,000)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > Total Stock Holder Equity</span></b></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$9,316,000,000</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$9,513,000,000</b></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="50%" height="22"><b><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" >Net Assets</span></b></td> <td align="right" width="30%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$7,399,000,000</b></span></td> <td align="right" width="20%" height="22"><span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:85%;" > <b>$7,553,000,000</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">source: http://beginnersinvest.about.com</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-21387239257611186222009-09-06T00:32:00.000-07:002009-12-31T03:48:05.159-08:00What is a Miracle?<div style="text-align: justify;"><h1 style="font-weight: normal;"><span><span style="font-size:85%;">AL-QUR`AN, The Miracle of Miracles by Ahmed Deedat</span></span></h1> I think it is necessary that we have a clear picture of what we mean by a miracle. Here are some definitions:- "An event that appears so inexplicable by the laws of nature, that it is held to be supernatural in origin or an act of God." "A person, thing or event that excites admiring awe." "An act beyond human power, an impossibility."<br /><br />It is logical that greater the impossibility, greater the miracle. For example, should a person expire before our very eyes and is certified dead by a qualiified medical man, yet later on a mystic or a saint commands the corpse to 'arise!', and to everybody's astonishment the person gets up and walks away , we would label that as a miracle. But if the resurrection of the dead took place after the corpse had been in the mortuary for three days, then we would acclaim this as a greater miracle. And if the dead was made to arise from the grave, decades or centuries after the body had decomposed and rotted away, then in that case we would label it the greatest miracle of them all!<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;">A Common Trait:</span><br /><br />It has been a common trait of mankind since time immemorial that whatever a guide from God appeared to redirect their steps into the will and plan of God; they demanded supernatural proofs from these men of God, instead of accepting message on its merit. For example, when Jesus Christ (pbuh) began to preach to his people - "the children of Israel" - to mend their ways and to refrain from mere legalistic formalism and imbibe the true spirit of the laws and commandments of god, his 'people' demanded miracles from him to prove his bona fides ( his authenicity , his genuineness), as recorded in the christian scriptures:<br />Then certain of the scribes and the phairsees ansswered, saying master, we would have a sing ( miracle ) from thee.<br />But he answered and said unto them, "an evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign (miracle) and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonas ( matthew 12:38-39 holy bible) Though on the face of it, Jesus (pbuh) refuses to pamper the jews here, in actual fact, he did perform many miracles as we learn from the gospel narratives.<br />The holy bible is full of supernatural events accredited to the prophets from their lord. In reality all those 'signs' and 'wonders' and 'miracles' were acts of God, but since those miracles were worked through his human agents, we describe them as the miracles of prophets (i.e. Moses or Jesus (pbuh) by those hands they were performed).<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;">Quirk Continues:</span><br /><br />Some six hundred years after the birth of Jesus(pbuh), Muhammad(pbuh) the messenger of God was born in Makkah in arabia. When he proclaimed his mission at the age of forty, his fellow countrymen, the mushriks of makkah made an identical request for miracles, as had the jews, from their promised Messiah. Text book style, it was as if the arabs had taken a leaf from the christian records. History has a habit of rpeating itself!<br />And they say:<br />why are not signs sent down to him from his lord? (holy Qu`ran 29:50)<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBbN2fD77SzvqrjS-63RImbAZC_kOQlla1NMJKBkL685tW2_P89wHCHlP6c4JJXKbBPrVqB9cybCDIEJDdB0FrBrWfSaPybvr8nxXDQD3jB3ASldG_Pf06vBTHIk02DttSjnNe3OUOg/s1600-h/448131a-i1.0.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 266px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBbN2fD77SzvqrjS-63RImbAZC_kOQlla1NMJKBkL685tW2_P89wHCHlP6c4JJXKbBPrVqB9cybCDIEJDdB0FrBrWfSaPybvr8nxXDQD3jB3ASldG_Pf06vBTHIk02DttSjnNe3OUOg/s400/448131a-i1.0.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5378256429414831842" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;">SIGNS! WHAT SIGNS!!</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRGHBhMSCfpCm7pCS0c6dg4WNFP1xqMg03GyHZ0f5i9LeYCbhHhk7xF8x40_2n_zS0PzKDy2iBp9CowJEp6vDaTBcwHio729tI2WpmhJntRjAOS8eKzVJeJmwMh8tunDQm5pG-CojJGw/s1600-h/ch3-9-img3.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 278px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRGHBhMSCfpCm7pCS0c6dg4WNFP1xqMg03GyHZ0f5i9LeYCbhHhk7xF8x40_2n_zS0PzKDy2iBp9CowJEp6vDaTBcwHio729tI2WpmhJntRjAOS8eKzVJeJmwMh8tunDQm5pG-CojJGw/s400/ch3-9-img3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5378256424780695762" border="0" /></a><br />"Miracles ? Cries he, what miracles would you have? Are not you yourselves there? God made you 'shaped you out of a little clay.' Ye were small once; a few years ago ye were not at all. Ye have beauty, strength, thoughts, 'ye have compassion on one another.' Old age comes-on you, and grey hairs; your strength fades into feebleness: ye sink down, and again are not. 'Ye have compassion on one another': This struck me much: Allah might have made you havving no compassion on one another, how had it been then! this is a great direct though, a glance at first-hand into the very fact of things...." "(On heroes hero-worship and the heroic in history,")by Thomas Carlyle. <a href="http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Spa/4608/miracle.html">read more</a><br /><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-16702624895301712372009-08-31T09:30:00.001-07:002009-12-28T10:23:04.872-08:00We shall see<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> We shall see</span></span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Certainly we, too, shall see</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">that day that has been promised to us</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When these high mountains</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Of tyranny and oppression</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">turn to fluff and evaporate</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And we oppressed</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Beneath our feet will have</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">this earth shiver, shake and beat</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And heads of rulers will be struck</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">With crackling lightening</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and thunder roars.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When from this God's earth's (Kaa'ba)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All falseness (icons) will be removed</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Then we of clean hearts-condemned by Zealots those keepers of</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Faith,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We, will be invited to that altar to sit and Govern-</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When crowns will be thrown off- and over turned will be thrones</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We shall see</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Certainly we, too, shall see</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">that day that has been promised to us</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The God's name will remain (Allah will remain)</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who is invisible and visible too</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who is the seer and is seen</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There will rise one cheer- I am God!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who I am too</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and so are you</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Then the masses, people of God will rule</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who I am too</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and so are you</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There will rise one cheer- I am God!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Who I am too</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and so are you</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Original Urdu</span></span><br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum dekhenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lazim hai k hum bhi dekhenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wo din k jis ka wada hai </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jo looh-e-azl pe likha hai </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum bhi dekhenge </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jab zulm-o-sitam k kooh-e-giran</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Roi ki tarah ur jaenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum mehkomon k paaon tale </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ye dharti dhar dhar dharkegi </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Aur ahl-e-hukum k sir oper </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jab bijli kar kar karkegi </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum bhi dekhenge </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jab arz-e-Khuda k kaabe se </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sab but uthwae jaenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum ahl-e-safa mardood-e-harm </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Masnad pe bethae jaenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sab taaj uchale jaenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Sab takht girae jaenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum bhi dekhenge </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bas naam rahega Allah ka </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jo ghayab bhi hai hazir bhi </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jo manzar hai nazir bhi </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Uthega ANAL HAQ ka nara </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jo mai bhi hon tum bhi ho </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Aur raaj karegi Khalq-e-KHUDA </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jo mai bhi hon tum bhi ho</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum dekhenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lazim hai hum bhi dekhenge </span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hum dekhenge ...! </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-81695769113353763722009-08-28T09:38:00.000-07:002009-12-28T10:23:04.875-08:00Heart it is, not a brick or stone<a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiba9STULZBxQ6SC5q2Gb6639FZgbys7CARMR5pi5iqhBS9o0UD0ePk1Mv3XHtQkC3gD5RIxSbAFUp7-hVVClriiyoqLAoSbmF-Zt6X50XPw8vorba4w0LP8jPjQaFq36yeTnqzHL_ZpA/s1600-h/Mirza_Ghalib.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 236px; height: 295px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiba9STULZBxQ6SC5q2Gb6639FZgbys7CARMR5pi5iqhBS9o0UD0ePk1Mv3XHtQkC3gD5RIxSbAFUp7-hVVClriiyoqLAoSbmF-Zt6X50XPw8vorba4w0LP8jPjQaFq36yeTnqzHL_ZpA/s400/Mirza_Ghalib.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5375056145856886562" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" >Dil Hi To Hai Na Sang-o-Khist<br />original Urdu (Mirza Asad Ullah Khan Ghalib)<br /></span></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dil Hi To Hai Na Sang-o-Khist</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dard Se Bhar Na Aaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Royenge Hum Hazaar Baar</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Koyee Hamein Sataye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dair Nahin, Haram Nahin,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dar Nahin, Aastan Nahin</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Baithe Hain Reh-Guzar Pe Hum</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gair Hamein Uthaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jab Veh Jamaal-e-Dilfaroze</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Surte-Mehre Neem-Roze</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Aap Hi Ho Nazaar-Soze</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Parde Mein Munh Chuppaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dashne-e-Gamaz Jaan-Sitan</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Naavke-Naaz Bepanah</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Tera Hi Akse-Rukh Sahi,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Saame Tere Aaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kaide-Hayat-O-Band-e-Gam,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Asl Mein Dono Ek Hain</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Maut Se Pehlre Aadmi</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gum Se Nijaat Paye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Husn Aur Us Pe Husn-e-Zun</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reh Gayee Bulhavas Ki Sharm</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Apne Pe Etmad Hai,</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Gair Ko Aazmaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Van Veh Garure-Izz-o-Naaz</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yan Yeh Hijabe-Paase-Vazan</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Raah Mein Hum Milen Kahan</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bazm Mein Veh Bulaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Han Voh Nahin Khuda Parasat</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jaao Veh Bewafa Sahi</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jisko Ho Dino-Dil Aziz</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Uski Gali Mein Jaye Kyon?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ghalib-e-Khast Ke Bagair</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kaunse Kaam Band Hain?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Roeeye Zar-Zar Kaya?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Keejiye Haye-Haye Kyon?</span><br /><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://images2.layoutsparks.com/1/130466/bloody-tears-sad-heart.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 501px; height: 379px;" src="http://images2.layoutsparks.com/1/130466/bloody-tears-sad-heart.gif" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">English Translation</span></span><br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Heart it is, not a brick or stone</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why shouldn't it feel the pain?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Let none tyrannize this heart</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Or I shall cry again and again</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Neither the temple, nor the mosque</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nor on someone's door or porch</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I await on the path where He will tread</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why others should compel me to go?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The illumined grace that lights up the heart</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And glows like the midday sun</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That Self that annihilates all sights</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When then it hides in the mysterious net?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The amorous glance is the deadly dagger</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And the arrows of emotions are fatal</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Your image may be equally powerful</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why should it appear before you?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The rules of life and bonds of sorrow</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In reality are the one manifestation</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Before realizing the ultimate truth</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">How can then one attain liberation?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Love is laden with noble thoughts</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yet what remains is the carnal shame</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Trust conscience the still little voice</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why do you want test the rival?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There the pride of modesty resides</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Here dwells the social morality</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">How shall we meet, on which road</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why should he invite me to the abode?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">True he is an atheist</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Unfaithful and unchaste</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dear to who is faith and heart</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Why should he then venture there?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Without the wretched "Ghalib"</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Has any activity come to a halt?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What then is the need to cry?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What then is the need to brood?</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">image: </span><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://images2.layoutsparks.com</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-80910721117852249082009-08-26T09:09:00.000-07:002009-12-31T03:48:05.161-08:00what are the Medical Benefits of fasting??<a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://guidingfriends.blogspot.com/2009/08/medical-benefits-of-fasting.html"><br /></a> <a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHbwgi3SPyfqlbmwpAquHwMrcbt1YJKkC3zkdkJipLJYYXtYT1J-Qb-KlgVykBGC-RE0tzagBmRUXe7-2zJ3GTD2lnpDiptiXW8S1HzjmcWjLvkTnj2GPV0G5y0xZedHphChRpfkR-G2o/s1600-h/fasting.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 318px; height: 318px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHbwgi3SPyfqlbmwpAquHwMrcbt1YJKkC3zkdkJipLJYYXtYT1J-Qb-KlgVykBGC-RE0tzagBmRUXe7-2zJ3GTD2lnpDiptiXW8S1HzjmcWjLvkTnj2GPV0G5y0xZedHphChRpfkR-G2o/s400/fasting.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373627794489392034" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Most Muslims do not fast because of medical benefits but because it has been ordained to them in the Quran. The medical benefits of fasting are as a result of fasting.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical reasons including weight management, for rest of the digestive tract and for lowering lipids. There are many adverse effects of total fasting as well as so-called crash diets. Islamic fasting is different from such diet plans because in Ramadan fasting, there is no malnutrition or inadequate calorie intake. The caloric intake of Muslims during Ramadan is at or slightly below the national requirement guidelines. In addition, the fasting in Ramadan is voluntarily taken and is not a prescribed imposition from the physician.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ramadan is a month of self-regulation and self-training, with the hope that this training will last beyond the end of Ramadan. If the lessons learned during Ramadan, whether in terms of dietary intake or righteousness, are carried on after Ramadan, it is beneficial for one’s entire life. Moreover, the type of food taken during Ramadan does not have any selective criteria of crash diets such as those which are protein only or fruit only type diets. Everything that is permissible is taken in moderate quantities.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The only difference between Ramadan and total fasting is the timing of the food; during Ramadan, we basically miss lunch and take an early breakfast and do not eat until dusk. Abstinence from water during this period is not bad at all and in fact, it causes concentration of all fluids within the body, producing slight dehydration. The body has its own water conservation mechanism; in fact, it has been shown that slight dehydration and water conservation, at least in plant life, improve their longevity.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The physiological effect of fasting includes lower of blood sugar, lowering of cholesterol and lowering of the systolic blood pressure. In fact, Ramadan fasting would be an ideal recommendation for treatment of mild to moderate, stable, non-insulin diabetes, obesity and essential hypertension. In 1994 the first International Congress on "Health and Ramadan," held in Casablanca, entered 50 research papers from all over the world, from Muslim and non-Muslim researchers who have done extensive studies on the medical ethics of fasting. While improvement in many medical conditions was noted; however, in no way did fasting worsen any patients’ health or baseline medical condition. On the other hand, patients who are suffering from severe diseases, whether diabetes or coronary artery disease, kidney stones, etc., are exempt from fasting and should not try to fast.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There are psychological effects of fasting as well. There is a peace and tranquility for those who fast during the month of Ramadan. Personal hostility is at a minimum, and the crime rate decreases. ... This psychological improvement could be related to better stabilization of blood glucose during fasting as hypoglycemia after eating, aggravates behavior changes. ... Similarly, recitation of the Quran not only produces a tranquility of heart and mind, but improves the memory.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[2:185] Ramadan is the month during which the Quran was revealed, providing guidance for the people, clear teachings, and the statute book. Those of you who witness this month shall fast therein. Those who are ill or traveling may substitute the same number of other days. GOD wishes for you convenience, not hardship, that you may fulfill your obligations, and to glorify GOD for guiding you, and to express your appreciation.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">proofs !</span><br /><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.crescentlife.com/spirituality..." rel="nofollow">http://www.crescentlife.com/spirituality…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.tolueislam.com/bazm/mansoor/m..." rel="nofollow">http://www.tolueislam.com/bazm/mansoor/m…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://aaiil.org/text/articles/light/bnf..." rel="nofollow">http://aaiil.org/text/articles/light/bnf…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://ageofjahiliyah.wordpress.com/2006..." rel="nofollow">http://ageofjahiliyah.wordpress.com/2006…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.ezsoftech.com/ramadan/ramadan..." rel="nofollow">http://www.ezsoftech.com/ramadan/ramadan…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.islamfortoday.com/athar07.htm..." rel="nofollow">http://www.islamfortoday.com/athar07.htm…</a><br /><a style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" href="http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ramadhaan/fa..." rel="nofollow">http://www.allaahuakbar.net/ramadhaan/fa…</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-21507820336845949852009-08-24T12:27:00.001-07:002009-12-28T10:26:17.276-08:00Dreams do not die. AHMED FARAZ<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcLsrp9Fl_AwjThmHjFzFqSBledm7J1y-f1VeCmUtYSkDRjx5vuzw4g17d-5GW57zI5G2EzEmMoxyMCCZoxjmyv-QYGpquGsfuy44pyoB5oZYT9eQZlKZPxXEVlVonC7a_Zj1fCT86Q/s1600-h/faraz.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 192px; height: 143px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQcLsrp9Fl_AwjThmHjFzFqSBledm7J1y-f1VeCmUtYSkDRjx5vuzw4g17d-5GW57zI5G2EzEmMoxyMCCZoxjmyv-QYGpquGsfuy44pyoB5oZYT9eQZlKZPxXEVlVonC7a_Zj1fCT86Q/s400/faraz.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373614384966790162" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Dreams do not die.</span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ahmed Faraz </span></span></span>January 14, 1931 - August 25, 2008<br /></div><div style="text-align: left; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <span style="font-size:100%;"><br />Dreams are not heart, nor eyes or breath<br />Which shattered, will scatter (or)<br />Die with the death of the body.<br /><br />Dreams do not die.<br />Dreams are light, voice, wind,<br />Which cannot be stopped by mountains black,<br />Which do not burn in the hells of cruelty,<br />Ensigns of light and voice and wind,<br />Bow not, even in abattoirs.<br /><br />Dreams are letters,<br />Dreams are illumination,<br />Dreams - Socrates,<br />Dreams - Mansur!'<br /></span> </div><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:180%;" >Khwaab maratay nahiin</span><span style="font-size:100%;"></span><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"></span></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;" > <span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Khwaab dil hain, na aankhe'n, na sanse'n<br />ke jo</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">rezaa, rezaa huwe to bikhar jaayenge</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">jism kii maut se ye bhii mar jaayenge</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Khwaab maratay nahiin</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Khwaab to raushanii hain, navaa hain, havaa hain</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">jo kaalay pahaaron se rukaty nahiin</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />zulm kii dozakho'n se bhii phukatay nahiin</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">raushanii aur navaa aur havaa ke aalam</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">maqtalo'n men pohunch kar bhii jhukatay nahiin</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Khwaab to harf hain</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Khwaab to nuur<br />hain</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Khwaab suqraat<br />hain</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Khwaab mansuur hain</span><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5821459591839557063.post-34154819866249275042009-08-24T12:09:00.000-07:002009-12-28T10:26:17.277-08:00Death Annivarsary of the Poet of Love!<a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEift1WW8Qic-4ItYP_OOs3pos01eFnxXvOQ8n_fLPdBuVKhP4WB1m67agPxpGH4AwDCHocu2QZxzXk9RPT9TfM793LfqSDRDt0dSzMgThJ-d13plA8IgKz7PTuTEepf2kXdGGBOJc3dtw/s1600-h/faraz-1.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 215px; height: 144px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEift1WW8Qic-4ItYP_OOs3pos01eFnxXvOQ8n_fLPdBuVKhP4WB1m67agPxpGH4AwDCHocu2QZxzXk9RPT9TfM793LfqSDRDt0dSzMgThJ-d13plA8IgKz7PTuTEepf2kXdGGBOJc3dtw/s400/faraz-1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373610598286692258" border="0" /></a><script type="text/javascript">- google_ad_client = "pub-1163529542410459"; /* 300x250, created 4/24/08 */ google_ad_slot = "7683190048"; google_ad_width = 300; google_ad_height = 250; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><script src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/expansion_embed.js"></script><script src="http://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/test_domain.js"></script><script>google_protectAndRun("ads_core.google_render_ad", google_handleError, google_render_ad);</script><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ins style="border: medium none ; margin: 0pt; padding: 0pt; height: 250px; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 300px;"></ins><span style="font-weight: bold;">I have heard that people look at her in amazement...</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">English Translation</span><br /></div><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard that people look at her in amazement</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> So I too will spend a few days in her city and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> I have heard she has an affinity for the broken-spirited</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> So I too will destroy myself and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> I have heard her delicate eye is a customer of pain</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> So</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I too shall wander through her street and see!</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard she too has a passion for poetry</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So I will put the miracles of my skill to the test and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard when she speaks flowers fall from her mouth</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If this is the case, I will speak to her and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard the moon gazes at her through the night</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And the stars descend from the sky and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard her doe-like eyes are deadly</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard that all the world’s deer gaze at her, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard during the day butterflies tease her!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard at night fireflies stop and stare, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard her curly locks are darker than the night</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard that in the evening shadows walk past her and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard her kohl-rimmed eyes are ravishing!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So the antimony-sellers look at her with envy, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard that roses are jealous of her lips</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So I will put the blame on the Spring and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard her brow is like a mirror</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The simple-hearted dress up and into it look and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard ever since she has worn her necklace</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The temperament of rubies and pearls have become ill, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard in the Realm of Possibilities with Concept’s eye</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The rope-bed looks at the angles made by her back, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard her body is so beautifully sculpted</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That flowers cut up their cloaks and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">She is tall like a cypress but not without hope’s roses!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">For on that tree buds of fruit we do see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">With her single gaze she loots the caravan o’ my heart!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">So the travellers of desire look with trepidation upon her, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I have heard that Paradise lies near her bedroom!</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The tenants there from here the flashes too do see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If she halts the Heavens circumambulate her</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If she walks the Epochs stop and look at her, see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Granted these are just tales, mere hyperbole</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">If she is a dream we shall find its intepretation and see!</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Shall I continue to stay in her city or shall I depart?</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Faraz, come, let’s look at what the stars say ’bout this journey and see!</span><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdxxqhfX0SpjPyH7Q3N0RdQeE2jfiC4yAdCRD5chWnSfL2uWyh8lo9AzuT_9sUomUXFU6-DnjGpTcSj3uyoX01-uxiy3yTAqgw-aBwI98UadiqJIooVHyfZVq4Op7PpNYOD1bCvg4odg/s1600-h/suna+hai.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 365px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdxxqhfX0SpjPyH7Q3N0RdQeE2jfiC4yAdCRD5chWnSfL2uWyh8lo9AzuT_9sUomUXFU6-DnjGpTcSj3uyoX01-uxiy3yTAqgw-aBwI98UadiqJIooVHyfZVq4Op7PpNYOD1bCvg4odg/s400/suna+hai.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373612771345286162" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;">Suna Hai Log Use Aankh Bhar Ke Dekhte Hain.....</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: bold;">Original Urdu</span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br />Suna Hai Log Use Aankh Bhar Ke Dekhte Hain<br />So Uske Shaher Mein Kuch Din Thaher Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Ki Dard Ki Gahak Hai ChasmENaaz Uski<br />So Hum Bhi Uski Ghali Se Guzar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Rabt Hai Usko Kharab Haalon Se<br />So Apne Aap Ko Barbad Kar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Usko Bhi Hai SherOShairi Se Sharaf<br />So Hum Bhi Mozize Apne Hunar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Bole To Baton Se Phool Jhadte Hain<br />Yeh Baat Hai To Chalo Baat Kar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Din Ko Use Titliyan Satati Hain<br />Suna Hai Raat Kozugnu Thaher Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Hasr Hain Uski Ghzaal Si Aankhein<br />Suna Hai Usko Hiran Dast Bhar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Uski Siyah Chashmagi Qayamat Hai<br />To Usko Surma Farosh Aah Bhar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Aeena Tamsaal Hai Jabeen Us Kee,<br />Joo Sada Dil Hai Usay Ban Sawer K Dekhtay Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Us K Laboon Say Gulaab Jaltay Hain,<br />So Hum Bahaar Pay Ilzaam Dher K Dekhtay Hain<br /><br />Suna Hai Us K Badan Kee Taraash Asi Hai,<br />Ki Phool Apni Qabaaeein Quter K Dekhtay Hain<br /><br />Rokay To Gerdeshain Us Ka Tawaaf Kertee Hain,<br />Chalay To Us Ko Zamanay Thaher K Dekhtay Hain<br /><br />Mubalgein Hi Sahi Sab Kahaniyan Hi Sahi<br />Agar Woh Khawab Hai Tabeer Kar Ke Dekhte Hain<br /><br />Ab Us K Shaher May Thahray K Koooch Ker Jaaeein,<br />Faraaz Aaoo Sitaray Safer K Dekhtay Hain</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1